make current - Cleans build environment, performs an git update, then does a make install
make core_install (or make install_core) - Recompiles and installs just the core files. Handy if you are working on a core file and want to recompile without doing the whole shebang.
make mod_XXXX-install - Recompiles and installs just a single module. Here are some examples:
make mod_openzap-install
make mod_sofia-install
make mod_lcr-install
make samples - This will not replace your configuration. This will instead make the default extensions and dialplan to run the basic configuration of FreeSWITCH.